Africa




 * **How can political change cause conflict**
 * Not everyone has the same opinions on change so if change occurs conflict occurs**
 * **How does the development of nationalism impact people, nations, and empires?**
 * It can impact the nation by bringing the nation closer**
 * **How can political relationships affect economic relationships?**
 * They're both intertwined due to the fact that if two countries have political issues it effect the economic relationships the tw countries have**
 * **What characteristics and factors unite people as a nation?**
 * A common enemy, Catastrophe, Holidays.**

African Imperialism notes: Europeans taking over africa Africa now had Coloniese Controlling the means of productions Europeans failed to take over africa in the 19th century Africa was very skilled in sword combact Africa faught back/resisted take over, only lost due to an advance of technology Many Africans were enslaved Put into slave trade Europeans exploited and oppressed africans Conrad wrote a novel about what was goimg on in Africa.

The quote means that imperialism spreads fast bringing large armies and destruction where ever it goes
 * Like a cyclone, imperialism spins across the globe; militarism crushes peoples, and sucks the blood like a vampire. **
 * By Karl Liebknecht **

1. According to Kipling, and in your own words, what was the “ White Man ’s Burden”? I feel like the white man's burden is War. The white man's burden is to help other inferior races get on track 2. What reward did Kipling suggest the “White Man” gets for carrying his “burden”? Wisdom and the Judgement of your peers 3. Who did Kipling think would read his poem? What do you think that this audience might have said in response to it? I think he wanted specific people to read and I also feel like if the people he wanted to read this, read this, they would be confused. 4. What lines of the poem did you find the most interesting and why?

5 words informative helpful constructive important division


 * Read each of the quotes or documents and answer the questions under each one:

// " Throughout history it has been the inaction of those who could have acted, the indifference //// of those who should have known better, the silence of the voice of justice when it mattered //// that has made it possible for evil to triumph." //** Haille Selassie, Ethiopian emperor, 1892-1975 ** Questions to consider ** : ** His perspective on imperialism is that it is act of evil, an event that might of occurred was the coming of Europeans on african soil Because imperialism could have affected his life in some way trying to ask the world why their is no justice for africawhy is no one speaking up
 * What is the perspective of the author? What events might have caused the author to think as he does?
 * Why might the author be making this statement?
 * How does the quote relate to Imperialism in Africa? Explain.

European Imperialism was seen as an act of evil in Africa that only brought destruction and was only done to help Europeans and their needs

//Gentlemen, we must speak more loudly and more honestly! We must say openly that indeed the higher races have a right over the lower races...// //I repeat, that the superior race races have a right because they have a duty. They have the duty to civilize inferior races...In the history of earlier centuries these duties gentlemen have been misunderstood; and certainly when the Spanish soldiers and explorers introduced slavery into Central America, they did not fulfill their duty as men of a higher race....But in our time, I maintain that European nations acquit themselves with generosity, with grandeur, and with sincerity of this superior civilizing duty.//
 * "On French Colonial Expansion" A Speech before the French Chamber of Deputies, March 28, 1884, by Jules Ferry (1832-1893): Ferry was twice prime minister of France, from (1880-1881, 1883-1885)**

//I say that French colonial policy, the policy of colonial expansion, the policy that has taken us under the Empire, that has led us to Tunisia, to Madagascar- I say this policy of colonial expansion was inspired by...the fact that a navy such as ours cannot do without safe harbors, defenses, supply centers on the high seas...Are you unaware of this? Look at the map of the world.//

Jules Ferry his viewpoint is that there are superior races and inferior races and it is the job of the superior races to colonize and civilize the inferior races He tells the audience to look at the world map He wants the superior races to acknowledge that the are indeed superior to other races and should act like it by teaching other races I want to say that it was just an older version of racism honestly
 * Who is the author of this piece of evidence? What is his viewpoint?
 * What justifications does he offer to support his viewpoint?
 * Why might he be giving this speech? What is the purpose of this speech?
 * What does the speech tell you about life and attitudes of that time?

"The Rhodes of Colossus: Striding from Cape Town to Cairo" Published in Punch, or the London Charivari, December 10, 1982.Artists: Linley Sambourne

Was published in 1982 in Cape Town It could impact Africans, and how the white man is shown, they could be offended that it looks like he rules Africa, and since he has a travelers hat it looks like he discovered it. The rhodes of colossus could mean that Africa was another rode that that the colossus strode over A travelers hat, a shotgun, Africa, bolts pinned down on Africa I feel the artist is showing that this colossus has taken over Africa and sands above it kind of withe a posture like he is trying to say "Look what I have discovered "//**Moshweshewe: Letter ton Sir George Grey, 1858" written by Mark X of Moshweshewe, Chief of the Basutos**//.
 * Where and when was this political cartoon published? What impact might this have on its perspective and bias?
 * What meaning does the title give to the Illustration? Why might the author have chosen the words he did/ (colossus, striding, Cape Town and Cairo)
 * Who is being depicted in this political cartoon? ( research cartoon) What objects do you see?
 * What is the artists viewpoint? What evidence from the political cartoon supports your claim?


 * Mark up the document attached below before you answer the questions
 * [|Details]
 * [[file:mastromaurowh/letter from Moshweshewe.docx|Download]]
 * Who is the author? Why is he writing the letter? What is the purpose?
 * The letter included the names of several individuals and groups. Who are these individuals and groups? How do they impact the meaning of the letter? (you will have to research names and groups as example Boers, Harry Smith ....)
 * Do you think the letter was successful in fulfilling its purpose? Why or why not? Use evidence (quotes) from the letter to support your claim.

**Document 5**: **Source: Ndansi Kumalo, African veteran of the Ndebele Rebellion against British advances in __southern Africa__, 1896.**

So we surrendered to the White people and were told to go back to our homes and __live__ our usual lives and attend to our crops. We were treated like slaves. They came and were overbearing. We were ordered to carry their clothes and bundles. They harmed our wives and our daughters. How the rebellion started I do not know; there was no organization, it was like a fire that suddenly flames up. I had an old gun. They—the __White men__ —fought us with big guns, machine guns, and rifles. Many of our people were killed in this fight: I saw four of my cousins shot. We made many charges but each time we were defeated.But for the White men’s machine guns, it would have been different.

Like Slaves, killed off like animals. Because the white man's technology was too superior
 * How were the the people of southern Africa treated by the imperialists?
 * Why was the African rebellion unsuccessful?

**Document 6**: **Source: Mojimba, African chief, describing a battle in 1877 on the __Congo River__ against British and African mercenaries, as told to a German __Catholic missionary__ in 1907.**

And still those bangs went on; the long sticks spat fire, pieces of iron whistled around us,fell into the water with a hissing sound, and our brothers continued to fall. We ran into our village and they ran after us. We fled into the forest and flung ourselves on the ground. When we returned that evening our eyes beheld fearful things: our brothers, dead, bleeding, our village plundered and burned, and the river full of dead bodies.You call us wicked men, but you White men are much more wicked! You think because you have guns you can take away our land and our possessions. You have sickness in your heads, for this is not justice

The African Chief, he is describing the killing and burning of his village Africans only had spears and their fist while the White man had guns. "You think because you have guns you can take away our land and our possessions." They think they can do what ever they want because they have guns
 * Who is the author of this source? What does it refer to?
 * Describe the strength of the sides in this battle using evidence from the text.
 * What is the chief's opinion of the British?

**Document 7**: **Source: German military officer, account of the 1905 Maji Maji Rebellion in German East Africa, German military weekly newspaper, 1906**.

The chiefs spread it among their people that a spirit, living in the form of a snake, had given a magic medicine to a medicine man. The medicine guaranteed a good harvest, so that in future people would no more need to perform wage labor for foreigners in order to obtain accustomed luxuries. The medicine would also give invulnerability, acting in such a way that enemy bullets would fall from their targets like raindrops from a greased body. It would strengthen women and children for the flight customary in wartime, with the associated hardships and privations, and protect them from being seized by the victorious attackers, who were accustomed to taking women and children with them as war prizes. The medicine consisted of water, maize, and sorghum grains. The water was applied by pouring it over the head and by drinking.

That east Africans believed in a medicine that granted invulnerability and good harvest. To make the white man think twice about trying to cross them
 * What is the message the German military officer was trying to send about the East Africans? Give evidence from the document to support your claim
 * Why do you think the Africans made such claims?

**Document 8**:

Smithsonian __Institution__ sponsored African expedition for Theodore Roosevelt, 1909-1910. Photo was used as an illustration in Theodore Roosevelt's book, "African Game Trails" published in 1910.



A traveler, a dead Elephant, a knife? or measuring stick To show that the White Man is killing Africa's wildlife Socialy, it shows that Elephant hunting was fine and not frowned upon since the man is just leaning against it **Document 9**:
 * Describe the person and objects in this photo.
 * What is the purpose of the photograph?
 * What economic or social implications does this photo indicate about Africa in 1909?



Tanganyika South Africa because they have the most expensive minerals in the world
 * What European industries benefited from African resources?
 * Which European country do you feel had the most valuable colonies? Why?
 * How could this document be used to explain the primary reason for __European imperialism__ in Africa?


 * Document 10 ** :

"Colonialism’s greatest misdeed was to have tried to strip us of our responsibility in conducting our own affairs and convince us that our civilization was nothing less than savagery, thus giving us complexes which led to our being branded as irresponsible and lacking in self-confidence. . . The colonial powers had assimilated each of their colonies into their own economy.  Our continent possesses tremendous reserves of raw material and they, together with its potential sources of power, give it excellent conditions for industrialization. . ." Sekou Toure, West African nationalist, 1962

They're saying that they made a mistake by letting foreigners convince them into thinking they were inferior.
 * In 1962, what was the response of this West African nationalist to years of colonialism?